For women over age 40, mammography is a distressing process for women, even though it is necessary to have breast cancer screening every year or every two years. The technique, which is valuable in reducing breast cancer mortality, exposes patients to X-ray radiation and requires that the nipples be crushed painfully. Plates flatten the nozzle so that the X-rays can pass easier and produce a clear image. stereotactic breast biopsy
Early diagnosis has been shown to increase breast cancer survival rates, but many women do not want frequent repetition because of the discomfort given by mammography. In a study conducted in 2013, half of the women who avoided their mammograms stated that the cause of the excess was pain. stereotactic breast biopsy
Mammography does not yield successful results for mammals that are "radiographically dense" or slightly opaque for x-rays, as in young women. Mammography also causes a false positive diagnosis at some point in the lives of about half of the women. stereotactic breast biopsy
Caltech researchers say they are developing something better: a laser sonic scanner that scans the breast tissue with light implants at 15 seconds and displays the tumors. The scanning system known as photoacoustic computed tomography or PACT was developed in the laboratory of Professor Lihong Wang. stereotactic breast biopsy
Quick Scan with PACT Technology stereotactic breast biopsy
PACT works by pulsing an infrared laser near the breast tissue. The laser beam spreads through the mammary and is absorbed by hemoglobin molecules that carry oxygen in the patient's red blood cells, causing the molecules to vibrate ultrasonically. These vibrations pass through the tissue and are collected by 512 small ultrasonic sensors around the mammal's skin. The data obtained from these sensors is used to combine an image of the breast internals in a manner similar to ultrasonography. PACT can provide a clear view of structures as small as a quarter of a millimeter square at a depth of 4 millimeters. Wang says mammograms do not provide soft tissue contrast at the level of detail in PACT images. stereotactic breast biopsy
Since the laser light used is very strongly absorbed by the hemoglobin, PACT can display images of blood vessels present in the tissue being scanned. It is useful for finding cancer because many tumors form their own vessels, expand and are surrounded by dense vascular tissue nets. These veins provide blood to tumors in large quantities and allow tumors to grow rapidly. stereotactic breast biopsy
During a PACT scan, the patient lies face down on a table with a recess containing the ultrasonic sensors and the laser. One at a time, the nipple is inserted and glows under the laser. Since scanning is fast, it takes only 15 seconds, so you can easily hold your breath while the patient is scanning and a clearer image can be developed. stereotactic breast biopsy
The speed at which a PACT scan can be performed is advantageous over other imaging techniques. For example, magnetic resonance imaging (MR) scans can take 45 minutes. MR scans are expensive and sometimes necessitate the injection of contrast agents into the patient's blood. "Our goal is to build a very good tool for breast screening, diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis without harming the patient," he adds. "We want it to be fast, painless, safe and cheap." stereotactic breast biopsy
Early diagnosis has been shown to increase breast cancer survival rates, but many women do not want frequent repetition because of the discomfort given by mammography. In a study conducted in 2013, half of the women who avoided their mammograms stated that the cause of the excess was pain. stereotactic breast biopsy
Mammography does not yield successful results for mammals that are "radiographically dense" or slightly opaque for x-rays, as in young women. Mammography also causes a false positive diagnosis at some point in the lives of about half of the women. stereotactic breast biopsy
Caltech researchers say they are developing something better: a laser sonic scanner that scans the breast tissue with light implants at 15 seconds and displays the tumors. The scanning system known as photoacoustic computed tomography or PACT was developed in the laboratory of Professor Lihong Wang. stereotactic breast biopsy
Quick Scan with PACT Technology stereotactic breast biopsy
PACT works by pulsing an infrared laser near the breast tissue. The laser beam spreads through the mammary and is absorbed by hemoglobin molecules that carry oxygen in the patient's red blood cells, causing the molecules to vibrate ultrasonically. These vibrations pass through the tissue and are collected by 512 small ultrasonic sensors around the mammal's skin. The data obtained from these sensors is used to combine an image of the breast internals in a manner similar to ultrasonography. PACT can provide a clear view of structures as small as a quarter of a millimeter square at a depth of 4 millimeters. Wang says mammograms do not provide soft tissue contrast at the level of detail in PACT images. stereotactic breast biopsy
Since the laser light used is very strongly absorbed by the hemoglobin, PACT can display images of blood vessels present in the tissue being scanned. It is useful for finding cancer because many tumors form their own vessels, expand and are surrounded by dense vascular tissue nets. These veins provide blood to tumors in large quantities and allow tumors to grow rapidly. stereotactic breast biopsy
During a PACT scan, the patient lies face down on a table with a recess containing the ultrasonic sensors and the laser. One at a time, the nipple is inserted and glows under the laser. Since scanning is fast, it takes only 15 seconds, so you can easily hold your breath while the patient is scanning and a clearer image can be developed. stereotactic breast biopsy
The speed at which a PACT scan can be performed is advantageous over other imaging techniques. For example, magnetic resonance imaging (MR) scans can take 45 minutes. MR scans are expensive and sometimes necessitate the injection of contrast agents into the patient's blood. "Our goal is to build a very good tool for breast screening, diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis without harming the patient," he adds. "We want it to be fast, painless, safe and cheap." stereotactic breast biopsy
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